Dari Ketergantungan Menuju Kemandirian: Pendekatan Terapi Okupasi Berbasis 4QM bagi Remaja dengan Disabilitas Intelektual
Abstrak
Masa remaja adalah masa perubahan besar, tidak hanya fisik, tetapi juga tuntutan terhadap kemandirian dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Bagi remaja dengan disabilitas intelektual, tantangan ini menjadi lebih kompleks, termasuk dalam keterampilan berpakaian seperti memakai miniset. Aktivitas yang tampak sederhana ini ternyata membutuhkan pemahaman konseptual, koordinasi motorik, dan adaptasi sosial yang tidak sedikit. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana penerapan terapi okupasi dengan kerangka The Four-Quadrant Model of Facilitated Learning (4QM) dapat mendukung remaja awal dengan disabilitas intelektual untuk lebih mandiri dalam memakai miniset. Melalui pendekatan bertahap — mulai dari instruksi eksplisit, demonstrasi, penggunaan isyarat fisik dan visual, hingga pemberian umpan balik — klien dilatih untuk membangun kepercayaan diri dan keterampilan praktis yang dibutuhkan.Hasil intervensi menunjukkan bahwa dengan modifikasi cara, alat, dan lingkungan, klien mampu menunjukkan peningkatan yang nyata dalam kemandirian berpakaian. Tidak hanya meningkatkan performa aktivitas, tetapi juga memberikan dampak positif terhadap rasa percaya diri dan kesiapan sosial klien.
Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan model pembelajaran terstruktur seperti 4QM dalam praktik terapi okupasi untuk mendukung transisi kemandirian remaja dengan disabilitas intelektual.
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