Pengaruh Migrasi Orangtua Terhadap Pekerja Anak Di Indonesia
Kata Kunci:
Pekerja anak, Jam kerja, Migrasi ibu, Migrasi ayah, Migrasi Ayah dan IbuAbstrak
ABSTRAK
Pekerja anak merupakan salah satu masalah sosial yang masih terjadi di Indonesia. Masih tingginya angka pekerja anak memerlukan satu kajian kenapa anak anak sebelum masanya sudah memasuki pasar kerja. Dengan memasuki pasar kerja, anak-anak akan kehilangan hak – haknya sebagai seorang anak yang masih membutuhkan perlindungan dan kasih sayang dari orangtua. Peranan orangtua diperkirakan menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan anak berpeluang menjadi pekerja anak. Mengingat hampir sekitar 60 persen migran di Indonesia adalah migran orangtua, apakah berpengaruh terhadap peluang anak menjadi pekerja anak? Beberapa kajian menemukan bahwa migrasi orangtua dapat memperburuk kualitas pendidikan dan kesehatan anak serta menyebabkan anak menjadi pekerja dibawah umur karena desakan ekonomi keluarga. Bagaimana dengan pengaruh migrasi yang dilakukan oleh ibu atau migrasi yang dilakukan ayah atau migrasi yang dilakukan oleh kedua orangtua terhadap peluang anak menjadi pekerja anak?
Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif serta analisa data Regresi Logit, dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 438 orang anak migran yang tersedia pada data IFLS5, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa anak yang ibunya bermigrasi atau kedua orangtua bermigrasi ternyata berpeluang lebih besar menjadikan anak sebagai pekerja anak bila dibandingkan dengan apabila ayah yang bermigrasi. Mengingat migrasi merupakan salah satu upaya keluarga untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga maka lebih baik ayah yang bermigrasi agar peluang anak menjadi pekerja anak menjadi kecil bila dibandingkan dengan ibu atau kedua orangtua yang bermigrasi.
Kata Kunci: Pekerja anak, Jam kerja, Migrasi ibu, Migrasi ayah, Migrasi Ayah dan Ibu
ABSTRAK
Child labour is one of the social problems that still occur in Indonesia. The high rate of child labour requires a study of why children before their time have entered the labour market. By entering the labour market, children will lose their rights as children who still need protection and love from their parents. The role of parents is thought to be one of the factors that cause children to become child labourers. Given that almost 60 per cent of migrants in Indonesia are parent migrants, does this affect the likelihood of children becoming child labourers? Several studies have found that parental migration can worsen the quality of children's education and health, and cause children to become child labourers due to family economic pressures. What about the effect of migration by mothers or migration by fathers or migration by both parents on children's chances of becoming child labourers?
By using quantitative and qualitative research methods and Logit Regression data analysis, with a total research sample of 438 migrant children available in the IFLS5 data, this study found that children whose mothers migrate or both parents migrate have a greater chance of making children as child labourers when compared to when the father migrates. Considering that migration is one of the family's efforts to improve the family's welfare, it is better for the father to migrate so that the child's chances of becoming a child labourer are smaller when compared to the mother or both parents who migrate.
Keywords: Child labour, Working hours, Mother Migration, Father Migration, Parental Migration,
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